Let Zp Zp be the finite field of integers modulo p p , where p>3 p>3 is a prime integer. This paper presents new constructions of linear CODES over Zp Zp . Based on our construction, linear CODES of length p− 1 p− 1 , including a wide family of MDS CODES, and CODES of length (p− 1)2 (p− 1)2 are constructed. we shall discuss the parameters of the CODES defined while describing a generator matrix for the first family.

Due to the neoplastic nature of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), they have been renamed as myelodysplastic neoplasms in the World Health Organization (WHO) 2022 classification. These syndromes are heterogeneous groups of myeloid disorders characterized by dysplasia of bone marrow cells, ineffective hematopoiesis, increased apoptosis, peripheral blood cytopenia, and risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The recent progress in understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases is due to the emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the simultaneous interpretation of changes in cell morphologies, cytogenetics, and molecular mutations, which have provided the conditions for better classification and determination of efficient prognosis. Based on the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) system, MDS treatment approaches were divided into two groups: low-risk MDS, and high-risk MDS. In low-risk MDS, MDS is not the main cause of death, and most of the patients die as a result of cytopenia and the quality of life. Therefore, the goal of treatment approaches in low-risk MDS is to improve the quality of life in patients. However, in patients with high-risk MDS, the possibility of progression to AML is life-threatening. Therefore, clinical decisions aim to improve the course of the disease.

This paper investigates the use of redundancy and self-repairing against node failures in distributed storage systems using a novel non-MDS erasure code. In replication method, access to one replication node is adequate to reconstruct a lost node, while in MDS erasure coded systems which are optimal in terms of redundancy-reliability tradeoff, a single node failure is repaired after recovering the entire stored data, thereby consuming more repair bandwidth. The current paper aims at investigating a new type of erasure CODES with a reduced repair bandwidth as compared to conventional MDS erasure CODES. Specifically, we propose a non-MDS (2k, k)code that tolerates any three node failures and more importantly, it is shown using the proposed code a single node failure can be repaired through connecting to only three nodes which gives the ability to reduce the repair bandwidth comparing to MDS CODES.

Background & Objective: Some of the patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are categorized as good prognosis based on the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R). However, these patients may have poor clinical outcomes. It seems that the current diagnostic tools and IPSS-R cannot consider genetic factors for determining the prognosis of MDS patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study included all adult MDS patients of both genders who were admitted from March 2015 to March 2020 to the Hematology wards of two educational tertiary hospitals in Iran (Namazi and Faghihi, affiliated with Shiraz University of medical sciences). Study data included relevant retrospective data from medical records and the results of immunohistochemical p53 staining on bone marrow biopsies. Results: Of the 84 patients, 65 (77. 4%) showed p53 expression in bone marrow. They had shorter median survival than those without p53 expression. Considering both variables of P53 IHC results and IPSS-R score, the patients who died with low-risk IPSS-R score presented high p53 expression. Conclusion: This study shows that the investigation of p53 expression by IHC at the time of diagnosis is a valuable indicator of survival rate in MDS patients. These data suggest that the immunohistochemical analysis of p53 can be a prognostic tool for MDS and should be used as an adjunct test to make decisions on the best therapeutic choice.

Objectives: Registries are powerful tools for the collection and distribution of valid and reliable data. The initial step in health information management is to design a minimum data set that can improve the collection of high-quality data from the registry. The present pilot study aimed to determine the optimal minimum data set for dental implants to effectively utilize at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. A minimum data set checklist was developed based on our previous systematic review. The content validity of the minimum data set was approved by the recruited experts and the final minimum data set was established using the Delphi technique. Results: The minimum data set for dental implants consists of two separate sections-administrative and clinical data. The administrative portion includes two main segments: patient demographic data and clinic data, consisting of 12 data elements. The clinical part includes five main segments (patient clinical data, implant data, implant complications, implant loss, and implant follow-up), and contains 96 data elements. Conclusion: This study suggests a minimum set of data for dental implants that can aid in efficient management of information, facilitate evidence-based decision-making, and enable high-quality clinical research, evaluation of treatment results, monitoring, and benchmarking of care.

In terms of security, MDS matrices are one of the best choices for diffusion layer of block ciphers. However, as these matrices grow in size, their software implementation becomes a challenge. In this paper, to benefit from the properties of MDS matrices and avoid the mentioned challenge, we use 4*4 MDS matrices to build some 16*16 matrices with low number of zero elements. We show that if these matrices are used as diffusion layer of software-based SPN structures, the resulting block ciphers have similar properties as AES in software implementation complexity (i.e. the number of required CPU instructions) and resistance against linear and differential attacks. Moreover, the best impossible differential and square distinguishers for the proposed 16*16 structures have similar length as SPN structures with 16*16 MDS matrices. Thus, the new structures outperform AES with respect to the impossible differential and square attacks. Additionally, we show that if the proposed SPN structure uses the AES key schedule, its results for the differential related-key attacks are better than those for AES. We also extend the idea and use 4*4 MDS matrices to design 24*24 and 32*32 matrices with acceptable properties for SPN structure design. Finally, we extend the idea to propose some matrices for Feistel structures with SP-type F-functions. We show that the resulting structures are more secure than the improved type-II GFS.

Dear Editor, Recently, we had the pleasure of reviewing a paper entitled "p53 IHC Result as a Prognostic Tool in MDS," authored by Rezvani et al. and published in your July 2023 edition. The study investigated p53 protein expression in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) to better prognosticate patient outcomes. While the results provide strong evidence for p53 protein expression as an adjunct to prognosticate survival in MDS, there are certain considerations that merit closer inspection and discussion.Important findings necessitate that fellow researchers replicate studies. However, the lack of certain methodological details in this study makes such efforts challenging. Firstly, the paper states that p53 analysis was “carried out according to the standard protocol.” A declaration such as this warrants, at a minimum, citation(s) referring to a ‘standard protocol.’ The authors discuss how prior studies have applied different percentage cutoffs when analyzing p53 expression in bone marrow. The application of a 1% threshold to differentiate between “positive” and “negative” p53 expressors in this context may appear arbitrary without a thorough explanation of how the authors agreed to this specific cutoff. If the threshold was data-driven by the study findings, this needs to be stated clearly. Critics may otherwise rightfully ask what the IHC analysis shows if a 2%, 5%, or higher cutoff is applied instead. Furthermore, p53 IHC staining inherently involves various degrees of nuclear intensity (i.e., 1+ light, 2+ medium, 3+ maximum), which may have implications independent of percentage expression, as has been shown in other organ systems, including the prostate (1–3). While nuclear intensity does tend to correlate with percentage expression, failure to address the intensity in this context invites valid criticism when calibrating a threshold. For example, it remains unclear whether light (1+) intensity nuclei are incorporated into the final, total percentage, as low-intensity nuclei are arguably not “overexpressed” per se (1, 2). Alternatively, is the cell count limited to only nuclei exhibiting maximum (3+) intensity? Clarifying this distinction is essential for accurate interpretation.In the context of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), it has been demonstrated that p53 protein expression serves as an indicator for detecting TP53 mutations. p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been validated as a rapid, cost-effective tool for identifying impactful TP53 mutations in AML, with a proposed 7.2% cutoff for p53-high as a key indicator, utilizing digital image analysis. Based on this observation, Tashakori et al. proposed a 10% or higher cutoff to consider p53 IHC staining as positive for reflecting TP53 gene mutations, which is significantly higher than the 1% cutoff used in this paper (4).Additionally, it would have been valuable if the authors had included representative histomorphological images of p53-expressing bone marrow cells in their publication. As the age-old adage states, “a picture is worth a thousand words,” and including images may help clarify this methodological point for readers.While it is true that wild-type p53 expression is short-lived, the sampled cross-sections of tissue reflect a moment in time when the tissue was excised. In other words, the selected area represents a “snapshot” of p53 protein levels that fluctuates over time and explains its inherently patchy expression, even in “normal,” unaltered p53-expressing cells. This observation brings us to another problematic argument presented by the authors during their discussion, best encapsulated by the statement: “The true frequency of TP53 mutations is underestimated, but IHC overexpression of p53 is always a marker for a molecular alteration with a poor prognosis.” While the argument can be made that the true frequency of TP53 mutations is underestimated, declaring that p53 overexpression is always a marker for an underlying molecular alteration is misleading. The paper referenced by the authors (5) to support this claim, in turn, cites a third source that states, “…the IHC detection of p53 protein suggests an underlying mutation in the gene.” These nuances require precise language for a balanced discussion of p53 prognostication in MDS.Another important consideration is that the survival analyses have shown a notable association between p53 expression status and mortality. The data reveal a statistically significant association between p53 expression and the IPSS-R score, indicating that higher IPSS-R scores are often associated with positive p53 IHC results. To conclusively determine the independent prognostic significance of p53, it is imperative to evaluate the adjusted hazard ratio while controlling for the IPSS-R value.In conclusion, while the paper addresses an important topic and contributes significantly to the field of MDS pathology, further clarification of the issues raised herein would be highly valuable for its practical implementation. FundingThis research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sector. Conflict of InterestThe authors declared no conflict of interest.